Raman spectroscopy as a partner to infrared spectroscopy is now a well developed technique for structural and analytical investigations. This article is concerned with recent developments in the technique of Raman spectroscopy, i.e., the Raman microprobe or Raman microscope. This technique makes possible meaningful studies of small microscopic particles (about 1- mu m in diameter) and only a nano-liter of a liquid or even a picogram of a solid sample. Examples of Raman spectra of very small size samples of a wide range of materials such as biological systems, polymers, fibers, etc., are given and the results are interpreted on the basis of vibrational Raman spectroscopy. It is concluded that the Raman microscope is a unique non-destructive method of microchemical analysis.